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Genotypic characterisation and cluster analysis of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from domestic pets, human clinical cases and retail food
Els Acke, Cyril Carroll, Aoife O'Leary, Kevina McGill, Lorraine Kelly, Amanda Lawlor, Robert H Madden, Lynn Moran, Pam Scates, Eleanor McNamara, John E Moore, Boyd R Jones, Seamus Fanning, Paul Whyte
Irish Veterinary Journal , 2011, DOI: 10.1186/2046-0481-64-6
Abstract: A major source of Campylobacter infections in humans is the handling or consumption of contaminated meat, especially poultry. Other risk factors for infection include ingestion of contaminated dairy products (for example unpasteurised milk), drinking contaminated water, contact with pets, foreign travel, and swimming in natural sources of water [1-3]. It is estimated that C. jejuni accounts for approximately 80-95% of all enteric Campylobacter infections in humans, with C. coli, C. lari, C. upsaliensis and C. fetus less commonly isolated [4,5]. Many questions on the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. remain unanswered due to the high degree of genetic diversity observed in Campylobacter spp. populations [6,7], the low number of isolates in which speciation and subtyping is performed [8], the under reporting of cases because of the self-limiting nature of Campylobacter infections in most individuals [9], and the fact that most cases of human campylobacteriosis are sporadic as opposed to large outbreaks [10]. Contact with pets has been recognised as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis in humans [1,11,12]. Pets have been shown to be carriers of Campylobacter spp. with C. upsaliensis, C. jejuni and C. helveticus the predominant species isolated [13-16]. Although C. upsaliensis was the most commonly isolated Campylobacter spp. from household pets in Ireland with a prevalence of 65%, C. jejuni was also frequently isolated (22.5%) [16]. Wolfs et al. [17] reported the first genetically proven case of C. jejuni transmission between pets and humans in a 3-week-old infant who acquired the infection from a recently obtained household puppy with diarrhoea. Damborg et al. [18] reported the occurrence of identical C. jejuni strains in a 2-year-old girl and her dog in Denmark confirmed by PFGE. With reported Campylobacter spp. isolation rates of up to 87% and 75% in dogs and cats respectively in Ireland [15,16], pets could play a substantial role in the epidemiology of campylobact
Book Review: Feminist Judgments of Aotearoa New Zealand Te Rino: A Two
Aoife O’donoghue
- , 2019, DOI: 10.1177/0964663918822415
Abstract:
Investigation of the Potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Detection and Quantification of Pesticides in Aqueous Solution  [PDF]
Aoife A. Gowen, Yutaro Tsuchisaka, Colm O’Donnell, Roumiana Tsenkova
American Journal of Analytical Chemistry (AJAC) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.228124
Abstract: This research investigates the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the detection and quantification of pesticides in aqueous solution. Standard solutions of Alachlor and Atrazine (ranging in concentration from 1.25 - 100 ppm) were prepared by dilution in a Methanol/water solvent (1:1 methanol/water (v/v)). Near infrared transmission spectra were obtained in the wavelength region 400 - 2500 nm; however, the wavelength regions below 1300 nm and above 1900 nm were omitted in subsequent analysis due to the poor signal repeatability in these regions. Partial least squares analysis was applied for discrimination between pesticide and solvent and for prediction of pesticide concentration. Limits of detection of 12.6 ppm for Alachlor and 46.4 ppm for Atrazine were obtained.
The Evolving Structure of Multi-Hospital Systems in the US: Focus on California  [PDF]
Glenn Melnick, June F. O’Leary
Health (Health) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/health.2021.137058
Abstract: Objectives: Hospital consolidation and the growth of multi-hospital systems are generating media headlines in the US. While there is a growing literature on the role of multi-hospital systems in the US health care system, it is still quite limited. This study helps fill the gap by documenting and describing the structure and evolution of multi-hospital systems in California over a recent 18-year period. Methods: Descriptive analysis of a hospital level longitudinal database covering the period 2002-2019 in California. Results: The total number of hospitals declined by 40 hospitals, from 445 to 405, over the study period and the total number of multi-hospital systems increased substantially from 14 systems in 2002 to 30 systems in 2019. As a result, the number and proportion of all California hospitals that were part of a multi-hospital system grew—from 177 in 2002 to 238 in 2019. By 2019, 59% of all hospitals were part of systems (compared to 40% in 2002). The size distribution of multi-hospital systems in California changed substantially over time. In the early period, larger systems dominated the system landscape. Now, half of all systems have 5 or fewer hospitals compared to 29% in 2002, while the percentage of systems with 25 or more members has declined from 25% to just 7%. Interestingly, the clinical service mix of hospital systems has changed substantially. In 2002, all 14 systems were largely acute care focused. By 2019, less than half of systems had acute care as their only and primary focus. Conclusions: Combined, these findings provide insight into the development, evolution and growing role of hospitals systems in our health care system and identify new areas for further research.
What is the role of bronchial thermoplasty in the management of severe asthma?
Aoife O’Reilly,Stephen Lane
- , 2018, DOI: 10.1177/1753466618792410
Abstract: Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. Conventional therapy comprises inhaled corticosteroid and bronchodilators as well as trigger avoidance and management of comorbid conditions. A small group remain symptomatic despite these strategies and novel therapies have been developed. Bronchial thermoplasty is a nonpharmacological therapy which targets airway smooth muscle to improve asthma control. Clinical trials to date have shown the efficacy and safety of bronchial thermoplasty with a persistent effect on extended follow up. Questions remain regarding the exact mechanism of action of bronchial thermoplasty, the cost effectiveness of the procedure and the ideal criteria for patient selection
Teaching Fellow in Northern Ireland?
Aoife O’Grady,Emma Keelan
- , 2018,
Abstract:
Platelet Adhesion and Degranulation Induce Pro-Survival and Pro-Angiogenic Signalling in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Karl Egan, Darragh Crowley, Paul Smyth, Sharon O'Toole, Cathy Spillane, Cara Martin, Michael Gallagher, Aoife Canney, Lucy Norris, Niamh Conlon, Lynda McEvoy, Brendan Ffrench, Britta Stordal, Helen Keegan, Stephen Finn, Victoria McEneaney, Alex Laios, Jens Ducrée, Eimear Dunne, Leila Smith, Michael Berndt, Orla Sheils, Dermot Kenny, John O'Leary
PLOS ONE , 2011, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026125
Abstract: Thrombosis is common in ovarian cancer. However, the interaction of platelets with ovarian cancer cells has not been critically examined. To address this, we investigated platelet interactions in a range of ovarian cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials [HIO-80, 59M, SK-OV-3, A2780, A2780cis]. Platelets adhered to ovarian cancer cells with the most significant adhesion to the 59M cell line. Ovarian cancer cells induced platelet activation [P-selectin expression] in a dose dependent manner, with the most significant activation seen in response to the 59M cell line. The platelet antagonists [cangrelor, MRS2179, and apyrase] inhibited 59M cell induced activation suggesting a P2Y12 and P2Y1 receptor mediated mechanism of platelet activation dependent on the release of ADP by 59M cells. A2780 and 59M cells potentiated PAR-1, PAR-4, and TxA2 receptor mediated platelet activation, but had no effect on ADP, epinephrine, or collagen induced activation. Analysis of gene expression changes in ovarian cancer cells following treatment with washed platelets or platelet releasate showed a subtle but valid upregulation of anti-apoptotic, anti-autophagy pro-angiogenic, pro-cell cycle and metabolic genes. Thus, ovarian cancer cells with different metastatic potential adhere and activate platelets differentially while both platelets and platelet releasate mediate pro-survival and pro-angiogenic signals in ovarian cancer cells.
Are Dual-Method Messages Undermining STI/HIV Prevention?
Ann O'Leary
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology , 2011, DOI: 10.1155/2011/691210
Abstract: Adolescent girls and young women who are at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, are frequently counseled to use a hormonal contraceptive to protect against the former and condoms to protect against the latter, for exampe, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2011. The present paper reviews the literature on multiple risk messages, compliance with this dual-use recommendation, predictors of dual use, and interventions developed to encourage dual use. Data indicate that simultaneous use of these two methods is not common, and that efforts to encourage dual use have not yielded promising results. An alternative is to recommend condom use alone, since condoms protect very well against STI and HIV, and quite well against pregnancy when used consistently and correctly. The availability of emergency contraception is relevant here. Research utilizing a randomized controlled trial is recommended. 1. Introduction: Why Recommend Dual Protection during Sex? Unprotected sex can have numerous consequences, including unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Among US teens and young women, both are all too common and occur disproportionately within the same population: low-income women of color, especially African American women. In 2009, 410,000 teens aged 15–19 gave birth in the United States [1]. It is estimated that half of all pregnancies are unintended, and the figure is higher—62%—among women with incomes below the poverty level [2]. Poverty is also a risk factor for HIV/AIDS and other STIs [3, 4]. HIV incidence among those aged 13–29 is estimated to be 27% of the total 21,000 cases per year [5]. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicated that, among sexually experienced girls aged 14–19, 38% had at least one of five STIs [6]. The rate for African American girls was 44%. It is critical that everything possible be done to reduce the prevalence both of unintended pregnancy and STI, the greatest risk for which is largely present among the same young women. Hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, do not prevent STI, including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). On the other hand, male condoms, if used correctly and consistently, greatly reduce transmission of HIV [7] and STI [8, 9]. In an effort to prevent both unintended pregnancy and STI, guidelines for adolescents recommend encouraging the use of both male condoms and another contraceptive: “ sexually active adolescents should be encouraged to
Typifications in Verbena (Verbenaceae)
O'Leary,Nataly;
Darwiniana , 2006,
Abstract: one neotype and fourteen lectotypes are here designated for fifteen names of verbena. in addition, typification of verbena nudiflora is also clarified. photographs of sellow collections here designated as lectotypes are included.
Analysis of the mushy region in conduction-convection problems with change of phase
Mike O'Leary
Electronic Journal of Differential Equations , 1997,
Abstract: where convective motion of the liquid affects the change of phase. The mushy region is the portion of the system to which temperature and enthalpy do not assign a phase, solid or liquid. In this paper we show that the enthalpy density remains constant in time almost everywhere in the mushy region.
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